<p>Finney Houses Historic District is a national historic district near Churchville, Harford County, Maryland, United States. It stretches along both sides of Glenville Road in central Harford County, Maryland. The district takes in four houses and their outbuildings erected by members of the locally important Finney family between 1821 and 1906.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Medical Hall Historic District is a historic home and national historic district near Churchville, Harford County, Maryland, United States. The home was constructed of stuccoed stone between 1825 and 1840 and is five bays long, two bays wide, and two and a half stories high. The façade features a centrally placed door with sidelights and a rectangular transom subdivided in a radiating pattern. Also on the property is a stone springhouse which 20th century owners have converted into a pumphouse and a stone cottage believed to be a 19th-century tenant house. The property is associated with John Archer , the first man to receive a degree in medicine in America. One of his sons was Congressman, judge of the circuit court, and Chief Justice of Maryland Stevenson Archer .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Clock Tower in Rome, Georgia is one of the oldest landmarks in the city. The Clock Tower is located at the summit of Clock Tower Hill  one of the Seven Hills of Rome.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The clock tower was built in 1871 under the direction of James Noble, Jr. and his family. It was originally built to hold the 250,000 gallons of water that would serve the city. Sheets of iron 10 feet long were used to build the frame of the tank, and red bricks surround it. The tank itself stood 63 feet tall and 26 feet wide. Atop the water tank, there is a bell and four clock faces located within a structure that stands 41 feet tall. Both the clock and bell were added in 1872, just one year after the original tower was built. The clocks were made by E. Howard Clock Company. Each face is nine feet in diameter, the hour hand is three feet, six inches long, and the minute hand is four feet, three inches long. The bell within the clock tower is made of genuine bronze and measures 40 inches wide. Engraved on the rim is the date 1872. With the addition of the clocks and bell the clock tower now stands 104 feet tall and can be seen from almost any part of downtown Rome. By the 1890s the tower could no longer support the city&#39;s water needs, and ceased to operate as a water tower. After the closing of the tower, it began to fall into a state of mild disrepair. It stayed in that state throughout the 20th Century.</p><br>
<h2>Recently</h2><br>
<p>The Rome Jaycees raised over $80,000 in 1986 in order to provide landscaping on top of Neely Hill around the clock tower. The historical clock tower is now a museum, which opened in 1995, once again with the help of the Rome Jaycees. The inside of the water tank now displays works of art by local artist Chuck Smultz. Also inside are the 107 steps spiraling around the tower to the top.</p><br>
<p>The Captain Whidbey Inn, a lodging and hospitality establishment built in 1907, is located on Whidbey Island at the west end of Penn Cove just outside Coupeville, Washington. It is part of the National Register of Historic Places listed Central Whidbey Island Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Captain Whidbey Inn was built in the fall and winter of 1907 from Madrona logs and stone found on-site by Chris Fisher and his son Edward. The post and beam construction, with the log infill, sits intact as originally built. Larry Fisher, Chris Fisher&#39;s great-grandson, still works occasionally on the inn. It was opened in May 1907 as part of a large recreation retreat then-called Still Park. The inn and park were developed by Judge Lester Still. The park also had camping, cabins, horse trails, tennis courts and a warm salt water swimming pool. A collection of pictures from that period remain in a history collection at the inn.</p><br>
<p>The inn originally contained 15 sleeping rooms upstairs and a large gathering room downstairs with a two-sided fireplace. The fireplace was faced with native stone; it still forms the central meeting place for the inn. Daily steamers from both Seattle and Everett were the original links to the outside world bringing passengers, supplies and mail to the dock located at the eastward-facing front of the inn. Parts of the original dock and stone stairway can still be seen while walking the current pier. Automobile access was available via ferry before Deception Pass Bridge was completed in 1935; Judge Still is credited with bringing the first automobile to Whidbey Island. The vehicle can still be seen at the. Over time, the Inn has served as a general store, a girls&#39; school, and a post office. The property returned to offering accommodations open to the public in 1946.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>Today, the inn appears very similar to the way it was when it was built. The original wood floors are still visible in both the lobby and the bar. The large gathering room has become the dining room, kitchen, and Judge Still&#39;s Tavern. Over the years, electricity as well as Wi-Fi have been installed and upgraded throughout the building. The original inn now houses two suites and 10 regular rooms upstairs overlooking Penn cove and the gardens. The original cabins are now gone and have been replaced by four waterside cabins with private decks, views of Penn Cove and kitchens. The Lagoon Building houses 13 rooms that overlook the lagoon lawn and lagoon. Each of these room has a unique style filled with rustic charm. Guests can arrive either by car or, during the summer, at the inns dock by boat or float plane.</p><br>
<p>Havre de Grace Historic District is a national historic district at Havre de Grace, Harford County, Maryland, United States. It is an urban district of approximately a thousand buildings and includes the central business district and most of the residential neighborhoods radiating out of it. The buildings date primarily from the 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Southern Terminal, Susquehanna and Tidewater Canal is a national historic district at Havre de Grace, Harford County, Maryland, United States. Located along the western bank of the Susquehanna River near its mouth at the Chesapeake Bay, it includes the Lock Masters House, the canals outlet lock, and the foundations of a bulkhead wharf along the river side of the lock. Most of the structures built to serve aspects of the Susquehanna and Tidewater Canal operations are no longer standing, but the locations of warehouses, stables, and several other buildings, including a broom factory, are shown on old city maps.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Whitakers Mill Historic District is a national historic district near Joppa, Harford County, Maryland, United States. It includes three early- to mid-19th-century buildings: the -story rubble stone Whitakers Mill built in 1851, the -story rubble stone millers house, and the log-and-frame Magness House, begun about 1800 as the millers house for the first mill on the site. The district also includes an iron truss bridge known as Harford County Bridge No. 51, constructed in 1878, and the oldest such span in the county. The grist mill closed operations about 1900.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Whiteford–Cardiff Historic District is a national historic district at Cardiff and Whiteford, Harford County, Maryland, United States. It encompasses portions of two communities in northern Harford County that were historically associated with slate production during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It contains 140 contributing resources including four vernacular Welsh cottages dating to about 1850. The Whiteford–Cardiff area is noted for its strong Welsh ethnic identity, which is reflected in the architecture of the area.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Battery Maritime Building is a building at South Ferry on the southern tip of Manhattan Island in New York City. Located at 10 South Street, near the intersection with Whitehall Street, it contains an operational ferry terminal at ground level, as well as a hotel and event space on the upper stories. The ground story contains three ferry slips that are used for excursion trips and ferries to Governors Island, as well as commuter trips to Port Liberté, Jersey City. The upper stories contain the Cipriani South Street event space, operated by Cipriani S.A., and a 47-room hotel called Casa Cipriani.</p><br>
<p>The Beaux-Arts building was built from 1906 to 1909 and designed by the firm Walker and Morris as the easternmost section of the partially completed Whitehall Street Ferry Terminal. What is now the Battery Maritime Building was designed to serve ferries traveling to Brooklyn. The structure uses a variety of architectural metals and originally contained a large waiting area on the second floor. The Battery Maritime Building is the only Exposition Universelle-style ferry building still operating in Manhattan. The similarly-designed westernmost section of the Whitehall Street Ferry Terminal, serving ferries to Staten Island, was rebuilt as the Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal; the center section was never built.</p><br>
<p>The terminal was used by Brooklyn ferry routes until the mid-20th century and subsequently fell into disrepair. The building was used as a Governors Island ferry terminal starting in 1956, while the upper floors were used by various city agencies, including the Department of Marine and Aviation beginning in 1959. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the building as a city landmark in 1967 and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The underused structure was proposed to be converted into a cultural center during the 1980s as part of the failed South Ferry Plaza development. The exterior was restored by Jan Hird Pokorny Architects between 2001 and 2005. Plans to convert the interior into a hotel and event space were approved in 2009, but the conversion encountered numerous delays, with the event space opening in 2019.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The Battery Maritime Building is at 10 South Street, on the shore of the East River, in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. It is slightly east of South Street&#39;s intersection with Whitehall Street, adjacent to a ramp connecting the FDR Drive and the Battery Park Underpass. The Battery Maritime Building is between the Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal to the west and the Downtown Manhattan Heliport to the east. The structure measures about 250 ft wide and 140 ft long. According to the New York City Department of City Planning (DCP), the land lot measures 311 x.</p><br>
<p>The Battery Maritime Terminal is close to the New York City Subway&#39;s South Ferry/Whitehall Street station, served by the, as well as bus services at Peter Minuit Plaza. Through the Whitehall Terminal, access to the Staten Island Ferry is also available. There is taxicab service outside the terminal as well.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Battery Maritime Building was designed by the firm of Richard Walker and Charles Morris and constructed by Snare & Triest Co. The projects construction was overseen by C. W. Staniford, the chief engineer of the citys Department of Docks, as well as assistant engineer S. W. Hoag Jr. It was inspired by the Exposition Universelle and is the only remaining ferry building in that style in Manhattan.</p><br>
<p>The Battery Maritime Building contains three ferry slips, numbered 5, 6, and 7. These are the three easternmost ferry slips of a never-completed larger terminal: the Whitehall Street Ferry Terminal, which was proposed to contain seven slips when it was constructed from 1906 to 1909. What is now the Battery Maritime Building was originally served by ferries traveling to 39th Street in South Brooklyn (now the neighborhood of Sunset Park in Brooklyn). The Staten Island Ferry terminal comprised slips 1, 2, and 3, which served ferries to St. George Terminal in St. George, Staten Island. The unbuilt slip 4 was to serve ferries from both Staten Island and South Brooklyn. The three sections were designed to be built independently of each other with a visually identical style. The westernmost slips were drastically rebuilt in 1956, but the easternmost slips remain as a part of the modern Battery Maritime Building.</p><br>
<h3>Facade</h3><br>
<p>Architectural metals including stamped zinc and copper, rolled steel, and cast iron were used in the building&#39;s design. These materials are more widely used on the water-facing side, to the south, than on the other facades. The water-facing side is 316 ft wide and four stories high. Ferry slips 5, 6, and 7 are spanned by tall steel arches, which are supported by four pairs of pilasters with ornate capitals. Slip 5 can accommodate vessels which load passengers from either the bow or the sides. Slips 6 and 7 can accommodate 149-passenger vessels which load passengers from the bow. The entrances to each of the slips can be sealed with elaborate swinging gates. Above the ferry slips is a penthouse with a row of double-hung windows.</p><br>
<p>The land-facing side, along Whitehall Street to the north, is 263 ft wide and two stories high. It consists of five bays of sash windows and entries, flanked by six pairs of columns that are topped by decorative capitals and brackets. The columns support a hip roof, and the second floor of the land side contains a balcony with an elaborate railing. The balcony forms a loggia that measures 15 ft wide; a similar loggia was also planned for the Staten Island Ferry terminal and center wing. The vaults under the porch roof utilize Guastavino tiles. The second story had a direct connection to the South Ferry elevated train station, the Staten Island Ferry terminal, and Lower Manhattan. The windows contain large frames with glazed glass and cast-iron mullions. Between these are connecting walls with wire lattice work, attached to the facade&#39;s I-shaped steel stanchions. The steelwork on the remainder of the building contains decorative motifs such as paneled lattice work, raised moldings, and elaborate cross bracings. Unlike in other structures of the same era, the steel structural members were left exposed without any cladding.</p><br>
<p>The roof was intended as a recreational area. The addition includes a swimming pool, restaurant, and bar. Spires and cupolas were also installed atop the water-facing side; these design features had been part of the original design but were removed in the 1930s. Including bulkheads, the Battery Maritime Building is approximately 104 ft tall, as measured from the sidewalk of South Street.</p><br>
<h3>Structural features</h3><br>
<p>The superstructure is made of steel framework and reinforced concrete floor slabs, which are finished with terrazzo. The main floor-girders vary in depth from 8 in, for I-beams, to 45 in box girders. The ceilings are made of wire lath and finished in plaster. The columns of the superstructure vary in size; the larger columns are generally 25 in thick and are built up of riveted steel sections.</p><br>
<p>Along the waterfront, the building rests upon thick concrete structural piers set over wooden piles, driven into the riverbed to the rock surface. Along the land, the concrete structural piers descend to the rock 20 to 30 ft deep. Subway tunnels run directly under the terminal.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>According to zoning documents filed with the New York City Department of Buildings in 2020, during the buildings renovation, the interior has a gross floor area of 163,964 ft2 and a zoning floor area of 163,964 ft2. Sources vary on how much floor area the Battery Maritime Building contained before its expansion in 2020. According to a report issued by the Manhattan borough presidents office in 2008, the building has 115,586 ft2 of gross area. A New York Times article from 2002 cited the building&#39;s area as 140,000 ft2. According to a document published by the New York City Economic Development Corporation (EDC) in 2011, the Battery Maritime Building contained 107,430 ft2.</p><br>
<p>The interior has many decorative steel columns, beams, and molded ceilings, much of which dates from the original design. The terminal&#39;s first story contains a waiting area along South Street. The waiting area was originally accessed by two vestibules and contained a smoking area, ticket office, and other booths. The walls and furniture of the waiting area were decorated with wood, and the entire space was initially illuminated by a large skylight. Behind the waiting area, to the south, was a passageway 40 ft wide. This passage connected the two transverse driveways to slips 5 and 7, each measuring 51 ft wide. It served as a vehicular loading area for wagons and motor vehicles. The modern terminal contains the waiting area, ticket area, and restrooms for the Governors Island ferry line between slips 6 and 7., the section of the ground floor between slips 5 and 6 contains a lobby for the Casa Cipriani hotel, surrounded by a porte-cochere.</p><br>
<p>The building was originally constructed with a large second-story waiting room known as the Great Hall. The Great Hall measured 60 ft wide and 150 to 170 ft long, with a ceiling about 30 ft high. The interior contains iron columns and stained glass windows and, as in the first floor, had wooden furnishings. Had the center wing of the Whitehall Street Ferry Terminal been completed, it would have formed a single, more massive concourse connected to the Staten Island Ferry slips. A concourse runs around the perimeter of the Great Hall. During the 2010s, a steel double stair was constructed between the first story and the second-story concourse, similar in design to a previous steel stair on the site. A daylight measuring 16 by was also installed in the Great Hall.</p><br>
<p>The third floor originally contained office space that could be used by the New York City Dock Board or rented out to other tenants. In the mid-20th century, the second story was converted to offices and the fourth story was built.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early 20th century</h3><br>
<p>Ferry lines from Manhattan to Staten Island began operating under the municipal authority of the Department of Docks and Ferries in 1905, and ferries from Manhattan to Brooklyn were taken over by the city the following year. After the consolidation of these ferry lines, plans for the Beaux-Arts Whitehall Street Ferry Terminal in Lower Manhattan were approved by the citys Municipal Art Commission in July 1906, and Walker and Morris were named as architects later that year. The structure was to replace an earlier building on the site that had operated since 1887. Walker and Morriss plans were approved in February 1907 and a budget of $1.75 million was allotted to the work. The separate sections of the Whitehall Street Ferry Terminal were designed so they could be constructed separately while remaining visually similar. Work started on the Brooklyn ferry slips first, followed by the Staten Island ferry slips in 1908. A simple cornerstone-laying ceremony for the Brooklyn ferry terminal took place in September 1908.</p><br>
<p>The terminal was completed by 1909. The present Battery Maritime Building comprised the terminals eastern wing and became known as the South Street Ferry Terminal, while the ferries to Staten Island used the western wing, which became the Staten Island Ferrys Whitehall Terminal. The city took over the Atlantic and Hamilton Avenue ferry lines from the Union Ferry Company in 1922. As part of the takeover, the two ferry lines were relocated from Union Ferry&#39;s Whitehall Street slips to the municipally operated South Street ferry slips. In 1935, Allen F. Stokes filed plans to renovate the South Street Ferry Terminal for $200,000. The changes included an upgraded fire protection system and expanded staff facilities. After the 1930s, the ferry terminal remained largely neglected for several decades.</p><br>
<p>By the mid-20th century, competition from the New York City Subway resulted in a decline in ferry traffic. Further competition came from the construction of vehicular bridges and tunnels across the East River. Not only did the Hamilton Avenue ferry never resume service, the Atlantic Avenue ferry was also discontinued two months later due to a loss of profits. In subsequent years, the South Street Ferry Terminal fell into disrepair, though it remained in operation. Its original multi-colored appearance was replaced by a paint color intended to emulate the copper patina of the Statue of Liberty.</p><br>
<h3>Mid- and late 20th century</h3><br>
<h4>Offices and military ferries</h4><br>
<p>During the mid-20th century, the United States Army operated ferries to Fort Jay, an Army installation on Governors Island, from a pier on the Battery, west of the Whitehall Street Ferry Terminal. Because of this, the Governors Island and Staten Island ferry routes crossed over each other and, because of strong currents between the Battery and Governors Island, ferryboats needed additional space between each other. In November 1955, the USA Army agreed to lease slip 7 at the South Street Ferry Terminal to eliminate the conflicts between the ferry lines. The Army, which was replacing smaller steam-powered ferries with two larger new diesel-electric boats, required larger ferry slips and docks at its new location.</p><br>
<p>Simultaneously, renovations of the adjoining Staten Island Ferry slips were announced in 1953. As part of the project, the South Street Ferry Terminal was to be rehabilitated, and office space for the Department of Marine and Aviation would be added. In 1956, the department requested about $3 million from the New York City Planning Commission for the South Street Ferry Terminal&#39;s reconstruction. The fourth story was added the following year as part of the renovation. The structure was renamed the Battery Maritime Building in 1959, when 1,100 employees of the Department of Marine and Aviation moved into the third and fourth floors following the $1.2 million renovation. The Battery Maritime Building was used by other city agencies as well.</p><br>
<p>The United States Coast Guard took over Governors Island from the Army in 1966. The Coast Guard continued to use the terminal to provide vehicle and passenger service to Governors Island for its 3,000 residents and 2,000 daily commuters. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) designated the Battery Maritime Building as a city landmark in 1967. The terminal was also added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. At some point in the 20th century, the ferry terminal also served as a homeless shelter.</p><br>
<h4>Proposed redevelopment</h4><br>
<p>By the early 1980s, the New York City Department of Transportation (DOT) was investigating the feasibility of using the Battery Maritime Buildings second floor for commercial tenants. At the time, the building was used by the Coast Guard ferry terminal and the Department of Ports and Terminals offices. In 1984, the city laid out plans to redevelop the Whitehall Terminal and Battery Maritime Building. The Whitehall Terminal would be replaced, and the developer would restore the adjacent Battery Maritime Building, an official city landmark that could not be demolished. Accordingly, the city planned to look for a tenant to restore the former waiting room on the Battery Maritime Building&#39;s second story. City officials received proposals from seven developers in August 1985. The Zeckendorf Company was selected in July 1986 to develop a 60-story tower above the Whitehall Terminal at a cost of $400 million. The city government would retain ownership of the terminals and lease the site to Zeckendorf for 99 years.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, with the revival of ferry service in the New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary area, the city government started renting out slip 5 at the Battery Maritime Building for ferry companies. The Twyla Tharp Dance Foundation, the Big Apple Circus, the Dance Theater Workshop, and the American Indian Community House were among the organizations that expressed interest in the Battery Maritime Building. Officials planned to start renovating the Battery Maritime Building in 1990 and open the building to the public in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Conversion of the Battery Maritime Building commenced in 1990. Some performances and temporary exhibitions were to be held there until the conversion was completed. According to the plans by renovating architect Diller Scofidio + Renfro, the space would have contained a ground-floor entry lobby, flanked by offices on the second story. The waiting room, containing movable equipment for performances and exhibitions, was the firms first successful design for an auditorium. which had stalled by late 1990. The South Ferry Plaza project was canceled in January 1991 due to a decline in the real estate market. The Whitehall Terminals ceiling and roof were gutted by a major fire that September, though the Battery Maritime Building was not damaged. By 1996, the Coast Guard had moved its operations off Governors Island, and ferry service from the Battery Maritime Building stopped operating. Through 2000, the buildings office space was used for storing DOT documents. The buildings facade had deteriorated over time, and many of the design details had decayed.</p><br>
<h3>21st century</h3><br>
<h4>2000s renovation</h4><br>
<p>The city government conducted a survey of the buildings conditions in 1999. The survey found that the exterior and roof needed at least $30 million worth of renovations. The EDC started soliciting proposals for a $36 million, two-year renovation of the building in May 2001. Exterior restoration work started in late 2001 and about 200 workers vacated the buildings offices in 2002. The deteriorating wooden piers were restored, and the exterior was refurbished and repainted in its original multiple-color scheme by Jan Hird Pokorny Architects. The renovation costs had increased to $58 million due to the discovery of additional deterioration. The facade was disassembled into 11,600 pieces and the roof had to be supported by temporary framework after one of the buildings corners had settled by 2 in. In addition, 40 ST of new steel was installed and 14 concrete bases were replaced. Some of the facades copper panels, described by an EDC spokesperson as "irreplaceable", were stolen during the renovation.</p><br>
<p>The city also solicited bids to restore and operate the Maritime Building&#39;s interior in 2001. However, no progress was made on the plaza plan in the following decade.</p><br>
<h4>Hotel conversion</h4><br>
<p>After the exterior renovations were completed, the EDC and GIPEC started advertising for proposals to redevelop the interior. In 2006, the city considered opening a food market in the building. The marketplace idea, modeled after the San Francisco Ferry Building, subsequently proved infeasible because the second floor lacked a loading dock. By 2007, Dermot Construction had won the bid to restore the buildings interior at a cost of $150 million. The company planned to add a 140-room hotel atop the existing structure, designed by Rogers Marvel, as well as remove the fourth story. Marvel and structural engineering firm Silman determined that a fifth story would need to be constructed atop the existing ferry building. The LPC approved a downsized version of the plans in 2008. The same year, David Byrnes musical installation Playing the Building was temporarily installed in the Battery Maritime Building, using vibrations from the building&#39;s beams and pipes to produce sound. The New York City Council approved the hotel plan in March 2009, but Dermot had difficulty obtaining funding following the financial crisis of 2007–2008.</p><br>
<p>The New York City Regional Center loaned Dermot $77 million in 2011 for the redevelopment of the Battery Maritime Building. Dermot, along with the Poulakakos family of restaurateurs, signed a contract in July 2012 that allowed them to lease the structure for up to 99 years. Work was further delayed after Hurricane Sandy that October, which caused damage to the neighborhood and increased the project&#39;s costs. The hotel project received additional funding in 2014, and some progress had been made by the next year. In April 2016, Dermot withdrew from the project and Stoneleigh Capital signaled its intention to take over as the lessee. Stoneleigh ultimately did not take over the lease. In late 2016, the NYC Regional Center sued Dermot for not paying interest on the loans, the EDC also sued Dermot for nonpayment of rent, and the NYC Regional Center threatened to foreclose on the property.</p><br>
<p>The lease was transferred in 2017 to a group that included Cipriani S.A. After Cipriani took over the lease, the number of hotel rooms was reduced and the proposed restaurant was downsized. The conversion included restoring the original detailing, which had mostly been removed over the years, and reconstructing the superstructure, which was badly deteriorated. Two stories were also added to the building.</p><br>
<p>The event space, Cipriani South Street, hosted its first event in November 2019. When Cipriani took over the lease, the hotel was scheduled to be completed in mid-2020. The hotel&#39;s opening was subsequently delayed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, opening as Casa Cipriani in August 2021 with 47 suites. Cipriani refinanced the hotel with a $100 million loan from Acore Capital in May 2022.</p><br>
<h2>Services</h2><br>
<p>Throughout the year, public ferry service to Governors Island operates out of slip 7. The ferries are operated by the Trust for Governors Island. Ferries run half-hourly every day of the week. The ferries travel to Soissons Landing on the north side of the island, covering the distance between the destinations in about seven minutes.</p><br>
<p>NY Waterway also formerly operated rush-hour commuter service to Port Liberté, Jersey City, out of slip 5. Other NY Waterway services operate out of Pier 11/Wall Street. In August 2020, SeaStreak operated ferries from slip 5, having relocated from Pier 11/Wall Street due to dredging near Pier 11., SeaStreak ferries had been relocated to Pier 11 to accommodate construction at the Battery Maritime Building. Seastreak is tentatively expected to return to slip 5 after construction is complete.</p><br>
<p>Friendship Baptist Church is a Baptist church located in the Southwest Waterfront neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It was originally known as Virginia Avenue Baptist Church. Organized in 1875, the church is one of Washington, D.C.&#39;s oldest African American congregations.</p><br>
<h2>Former building</h2><br>
<p>The former church building, located at 734 First Street SW, was built by James A. Boyce in 1886. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The First Street church building is now occupied by the Blind Whino Arts Club, and was repainted with a full wrap-around mural.</p><br>
<p>The building has a central gable facade with two corner towers. It is described as having "a vernacular interpretation of the Romanesque Revival style with some Gothic Revival details (namely lancet arch windows)."</p><br>
<h2>Church leaders</h2><br>
<p>Friendship Baptist Church has been led by the following pastors:</p><br>
<p>Reverend Robert S. Laws (1875-1891)</p><br>
<p>Reverend W.H. Scott (1891-1892)</p><br>
<p>Reverend J.T. Clark (1892)</p><br>
<p>Reverend A.W. Shields (1892-1896)</p><br>
<p>Reverend Alexander A. Wilbanks (1896-1915)</p><br>
<p>Reverend Jerry Fields (1917-1918)</p><br>
<p>Reverend D.Y. Campbell (1922-1926)</p><br>
<p>Reverend Benjamin H. Whiting (1927-1980)</p><br>
<p>Reverend William Henry Montgomery (1981-1993)</p><br>
<p>Reverend Dr. G. Martin Young (1996-1998)</p><br>
<p>Reverend Milton A. Covington (1999-2002)</p><br>
<p>Reverend Dr. Chester A. McDonald, Sr. (2002-2003)</p><br>
<p>Reverend J. Michael Little (2003-Present)</p><br>
<p>Boettcher Estate, also known as Kalama Beach Park, is a former beachfront estate in Kailua, Honolulu County, Hawaii, with a house designed by Vladimir Ossipoff and landscape designed by Richard Tongg.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original home was designed for the Boettcher family in 1937 by Vladimir Ossipoff soon after he opened his own firm in Honolulu. After the city assumed ownership, the house and its 4 acre lot were restored and redesigned in several phases by of Honolulu to serve as Kalama Beach Park.</p><br>
<p>The area called Kalama (which means "The Torch" in the Hawaiian language) was Kailua&#39;s first housing tract, developed in 1925 by Harold K.L. Castle, who named it after Queen Kalama, the wife of King Kamehameha III, who previously owned the land in the Kailua area.</p><br>
<p>Mae Bleakie Boettcher, the widow of the original owner and trustee of the Denver-based Boettcher Foundation, sold her estate to the City and County of Honolulu. She died in 2001.</p><br>
<p>It became a municipal park in 1978 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Burks House, is a log cabin with a mud-daub chimney built in 1883. The house is typical of those built in the 19th century when the area was officially open to homesteading.</p><br>
<p>The cabin was moved to its present location in 1983, completely restored, and was enlisted on the National Register of Historic Places on September 8, 1987. It is the only authentic log cabin in Beauregard Parish.</p><br>
<p>The Gallaudet College Historic District is a National Historic Landmark District encompassing the historic early campus of Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C. Gallaudet is the first school of higher education to be devoted to the education of the deaf and hard of hearing. Its campus was planned by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, and its Gothic buildings were designed by Frederick C. Withers. The main Gallaudet College building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965. The landmarked area was increased to cover the southern part of the campus, and was renamed as a historic district in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>An early school for the deaf was founded in 1857 by Amos Kendall, and was located on 8th Street NE. Edward Gallaudet, a superintendent of that school, envisioned a larger federally chartered institution, and in 1864 founded the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, which was renamed in honor of his father in 1894. The master plan for the school&#39;s Washington campus was developed by the Olmsted, Vaux & Co. in 1866, and its first three buildings were designed by Vaux & Withers. Most of the master plan was carried out by 1878; a significant portion of that area has retained historic integrity and looks much as it did at its completion. The main exception is areas to the north and east, where the college (later university) has expanded.</p><br>
<p>The historic district covers about 15 acre of the Gallaudet campus, which is now about 90 acre in size. It is roughly L-shaped, bounded on the south by Florida Avenue and the east by Fowler and Kendall Halls. From Kendall Hall the boundary runs west, between Edward Miner Gallaudet and College Hall, north to the Old Gymnasium, and then west and south to include Faculty Row. The district includes Chapel Hall, a major example of Collegiate Gothic architecture and the President&#39;s House, an elaborate example of High Victorian Gothic design, both designed by Frederick Withers as part of the original master plan.</p><br>
<p>The Presidents House was built in 1868. It is on the campus of Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C. On campus, it is known as the Edward Miner Gallaudet Residence, after the universitys first president, who was the first to occupy the house. More popularly, it is known as House One. It is a 35-room High Victorian Gothic mansion.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Anderson House, also known as Larz Anderson House, is a Gilded Age mansion located at 2118 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, on Embassy Row in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It now houses the Society of the Cincinnati&#39;s international headquarters and a research library on 17th- and 18th-century military and naval history and the art of war. It is also open to the public as a historic house museum about life in Washington in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Anderson House was built between 1902 and 1905 as the winter residence of Larz Anderson, an American diplomat, and his wife, Isabel Weld Perkins, an author and American Red Cross volunteer. Architects Arthur Little and Herbert W. C. Browne of Boston, Massachusetts, designed the home in the Beaux-Arts style.</p><br>
<p>The Andersons used the house to entertain the social and political elite of America and abroad, as well as to showcase their collection of fine art and historic artifacts that the couple acquired in their extensive travels over the 40 years of their marriage. The Andersons had no children. Following Larz Anderson&#39;s death in 1937, his widow donated the house and its contents to the Society of the Cincinnati, of which Larz Anderson had been a devoted member for more than 40 years. The society opened Anderson House as a museum in 1939. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and was further designated a National Historic Landmark in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Today, Anderson House continues to serve its members and the public as a headquarters, museum, and library. Visitors to the museum at Anderson House can tour the first two floors of the house, decorated with the Andersons&#39; collection and interpreted to illuminate the world of entertaining and collecting in Washington. Visitors can also view changing exhibitions devoted to the history of the American Revolution, the Society of the Cincinnati, and Anderson House and its occupants.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the Andersons original collection, the societys museum collections include portraits, armaments, and personal artifacts of Revolutionary War soldiers; commemorative objects made to remember the war and its participants; objects associated with the history of the society and its members, including Society of the Cincinnati china and insignia; portraits and personal artifacts of members of the Anderson family; and artifacts related to the history of the house, including the USA Navys occupation of it during World War II. Anderson House has been featured on the A&E television series Americas Castles, as well as C-SPAN.</p><br>
<p>Mosby Tavern, also called Old Cumberland Courthouse or Littleberry Mosby House, is a National Register of Historic Places building in Powhatan County, Virginia. Located southeast of the intersection of USA Route 60 and State Route 629 in Powhatan County, Virginia, with a street address of 2625 Old Tavern Road, it began as a small one-room house built by Benjamin Mosby in 1740, and remains a private residence today.</p><br>
<p>Mosby Tavern was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on April 11, 2003, and a monument was dedicated at the site on June 15, 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally located in Goochland County, Mosby Tavern was in the western part of the county which became Cumberland County in 1749. From the county&#39;s formation until the formation of Powhatan County in 1777, Mosby Tavern served as the Cumberland County courthouse and jail, as well as being a tavern and the private residence of the Mosby family. This, plus a popular racetrack across the road, made Mosby Tavern the center of the community. During the American Revolution the tavern also served as a rendezvous for the county militia.</p><br>
<p>For at least 100 years from its construction, Mosby Tavern was used as a private residence by the Mosby family, owned by: Benjamin Mosby, who purchased the land and constructed the original building in 1740; Colonel Littleberry Mosby Sr (also spelled "Littlebury") (17??-1809?); General Littleberry Mosby Jr (1757–1821), who was the third child, but the oldest living son at the time of his fathers death, and who was so disappointed that many family members left the area that he made Littleberry IIIs inheritance conditional on the condition his return to Virginia; Edward Mosby, Littleberry Jr&#39;s younger brother, to whom Mosby Tavern passed when Littleberry III died in Tennessee without returning.</p><br>
<p>The tavern was also used as the Powhatan County courthouse and jail until 1779, when the county seat was moved to a newly constructed courthouse in Scottville. After 1779 Mosby Tavern generally ceased to be used for public meetings, although the stature of the Mosby family in the area meant that even without official standing their home continued to play a major role in the social life of the area.</p><br>
<p>Murder at Mosby Tavern</p><br>
<p>On June 3, 1766, "pretty early in the morning," Colonel John Chiswell (pronounced Chis-ell), a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses, got into an argument with Robert Routledge, a merchant from Prince Edward County, at Benjamin Mosbys Tavern. Both men were "much in liquor". According to eyewitnesses, Colonel Chiswell, who was a Loyalist, called Routledge "a Presbyterian fellow, and a Scotish Rebel." After these insults, Routledge, threw a glass of wine at Chiswell. At this challenge, Chiswell retaliated a threw a "bowl of Bumbo" at Routledge, followed by a candlestick and a pair fire tongs. Routledge then grabbed a chair intending to strike Chiswell with it. Chiswell then angrily called on his slave for his sword and demanded that Mr. Routledge leave the room. Joseph Carrington, the son-in-law of tavern owner Benjamin Mosby, took hold of Routledge and began to try and escort him out of the room when Routledge suddenly turned toward Chiswell and repeated the word "Fellow?" Chiswell stepped forward and thrust his sword at Routledge. Stabbed in the heart Routledge sank down in Carringtons arms dead.</p><br>
<p>The ensuing scandal intensified when Chiswell received special treatment. William Byrd, III, of Westover, was a justice of the General Court at Williamsburg and Chiswell&#39;s business partner in the lead mining operation. Byrd, along with fellow justices John Blair, Sr., and Presley Thornton permitted Chiswell to post a small bail of £2,000. In the 18th century bail for the crime of murder was unheard of.</p><br>
<p>The murder of Robert Routledge at the hands of John Chiswell unfolded following revelations that Chiswell&#39;s late son-in-law, John Robinson, Speaker of the House and Treasurer of Virginia, was the subject of a scandal regarding the misappropriation of public funds. Robinson had died a few months before in May 1766 and the subsequent investigation revealed that his estate owed the Colony of Virginia over £1,000,000.</p><br>
<p>On October 15, 1766, just before the start of his trial, John Chiswell was found dead on the floor of his home, the Chiswell-Bucktrout House in Williamsburg, Virginia. It is believed that he committed suicide on October 14 although the coroner stated that “the cause of his death..., on oath, were nervous fits, owing to a constant uneasiness of mind,”.</p><br>
<p>The Virginia Gazette published a detailed account of the murder which included a diagram of the crime scene. This document is thought to be the first crime scene diagram in America.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Mosby Tavern began as a small one-room house built by Benjamin Mosby in 1740. By the time Benjamins grandson, Littleberry Mosby Jr, owned it in the early nineteenth century it was a one-story, hall-parlor plan frame dwelling shown on early nineteenth century insurance policies as 34 by 28&#39;. According to tax records, the property value increased substantially in 1849 and 1859, and it is likely that most of the major additions were made during that time, expanding the house to a center hall-plan, two-story frame building with single-story wings. A two-story rear addition was constructed around 1950, and a rear porch was added in 1988, bringing the house to its present form.</p><br>
<p>The Checkerboard Inn, also known as the Forshee-Jenkins House, is a late 18th-century frame building located on Mansion Ridge Golf Club in Monroe, New York, United States. Originally built as a house, within a decade it went into service as an inn when the Orange Turnpike, an early toll road through the area, opened in 1802. It takes its name from an early owner&#39;s reputed decision to paint it in a checkerboard pattern to attract business, although this has not been conclusively established.</p><br>
<p>In the 20th century, it was expanded to serve as a family cottage for the family of a New York silk merchant, Moses Migel. Today, after many other owners and a long period of neglect, it remains standing, vacant, next to the golf course&#39;s clubhouse. It is the property of the Town of Monroe, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. The town is hoping to raise the money to restore it and use it as a local history museum.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is built into a gentle slope on a hill looking out over its section of the New York-New Jersey Highlands, and ultimately the Shawangunk Ridge in the distance. At the north end the foundations are visible. A small group of trees surrounds it on three sides. An old road grade is visible to the east.</p><br>
<p>The older main section is one and a half stories high and five bays wide, sided in aluminum over old pine clapboards. In the center of the facade is the main entrance, a Federal style entrance with fluted pilasters supporting an entablature and cornice. The asbestos-shingled gabled roof is pierced by brick chimneys at either end. A badly deteriorated porch is attached to the rear.</p><br>
<p>From the west end projects a double wing, one one-by-two-bay section continuing to the west, set slightly back, with a larger three-by-one section extending to the north. The east wing is similar to the west wing, just a little larger. A terrace is between the two wings in the rear.</p><br>
<p>On the inside, the house follows a center-hall plan, with fireplaces heating either end. The walls are finished in plaster on lath, likely replaced since original construction. Most trim is original with the exception of a bathroom and nearby cabinet added in the 20th century. The basement is unfinished.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Between 1790 and 1810 the main block was built in a vernacular local style for a local farmer named Bernard Forshee. In 1802 the Orange Turnpike, which elsewhere in the county is today followed by state highways 17 and 17M, was routed past the house. A segment of its bed remains just to the east of the house. A milestone that was also next to it has since been stolen.</p><br>
<p>At some point during the turnpike&#39;s years of operation, according to local lore, the house was converted to an inn for travelers. Since it was just south of what is today the village of Monroe, where there were many other inns, Forshee supposedly decided to distinguish the Forshee House by painting it in a black-and-white checkerboard pattern.</p><br>
<p>He sold it to his son John in 1823, who in turn sold it to an Ira Jenkins ten years later. By that point many of the early turnpikes were going broke and reverting to public ownership and maintenance. It is believed that the house&#39;s use as an inn was discontinued, although the checkerboard pattern apparently remained long enough that traces of it continued to exist into the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>In 1916 New York City silk merchant Moses Charles Migel bought the property and surrounding lands to make Greenbraes Farm, his 230 acre estate. Since he wanted to build a stone barn and house nearby (today Mansion Ridge&#39;s clubhouse), it was necessary to relocate the road off the property, a move that also helped smooth out a steep descent into Monroe. The Migels paid for the road to be relocated and rebuilt along its current alignment; Mary Harriman granted a right-of-way.</p><br>
<p>Three decades later, Migel&#39;s son Richard had grown and married. The two wings were added to the house to accommodate them in the late 1940s, and a shed-roof on the rear elevation, the only significant changes made during its existence. Original wrought iron hardware, which the Migels intended to retain, was accidentally melted down as scrap during this process.</p><br>
<p>The house remained a private residence until the mid-1990s, when the last owners moved out. It then became the property of a developer, Great Expectations, which had acquired the entire former Migel Estate to develop into the current Mansion Ridge golf-and-condominium complex. As part of the approval process, Great Expectations donated the Checkerboard Inn to the Town of Monroe. Three years later the town began the process of seeking a state grant to remodel it into a local history museum.</p><br>
<p>The building of the United States Court of Military Appeals, formerly known as the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, is a historic building located at 450 E St., Northwest, Washington, D.C. It is regarded as "a particularly fine and remarkably early example of revived  Greek Revival architecture."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was completed in 1910. It served as the D.C. Court of Appeals until 1952, when the USA Court of Military Appeals took it over. It was designed by the Architect of the Capitol, Elliott Woods, to be compatible with the Washington City Hall (1820), designed by George Hadfield and Robert Mills.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>When nominated in 1973, it was serving the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.</p><br>
<p>The Doncaster Town Site is an archeological site near Easton, Talbot County, Maryland. The site is located on one of the earliest land grants in Talbot County, surveyed on October 18, 1658. It is the location of the first Roman Catholic Church erected on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. The town was erected in 1684 and was one of the first planned towns in Maryland. At its peak Doncaster would have contained inns, a chapel, warehouses, a ferry, stores, stocks and a whipping post, a public square, and a number of residences. Archeological deposits were recorded in 1961.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Easton Historic District is a historic district that covers most of the core of the town of Easton, Maryland. The town is the county seat of Talbot County. The state of Maryland is nearly split by the Chesapeake Bay, and Easton is located on the east side of the bay that is known as Marylands Eastern Shore. Although the town is part of the east coast of the United States, the regions history goes back to a time when Maryland was a colonial province of England.</p><br>
<p>The Easton Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It contains approximately 900 buildings mostly built in the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries. Many of these buildings are residential, but the original business district, located on the west side, is also included. A notable exception to the continuity of the historic district and the construction dates is the original Quaker Third Haven Meeting House, which was constructed in the 1680s southeast of the main portion of the district.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<h3>Beginning</h3><br>
<p>Talbot County, as part of the Province of Maryland, began being settled during the mid-1600s with land grants from Lord Baltimore (Cecilius Calvert). Early settlers established tobacco plantations along rivers such as the Choptank, Tred Avon, St. Michaels (now Miles), and Wye rivers. Some of the larger 17th and 18th century plantations within the county were owned by the Goldsborough, Lloyd (Wye Plantation), and Hollyday (Ratcliffe Manor) families. Other early settlers included members of the Society of Friends, also known as Quakers.</p><br>
<p>In 1706, a portion of Talbot County was broken off to help form Queen Annes county. This made the county seat in York close to the county border, which was inconvenient for the population in now-smaller Talbot County. Court was held in private residences located in Oxford, which was closer to the population—but a courthouse was never built. Instead, construction of a courthouse began in 1710 near what was known then as "Pitts Bridge". At the time, the only other nearby building of importance was the Quaker Third Haven Meeting House, which was built in 1682. The village around the courthouse became known as Talbot Courthouse. After the American Revolution, the village became more important as the state of Maryland chose to establish administrative offices for the Eastern Shore at Talbot Courthouse. The town became, in effect, the "capital" of Maryland&#39;s Eastern Shore.</p><br>
<p>In 1788, the Maryland General Assembly gave Talbot Courthouse a name: Easton. The town prospered, and the Maryland Eastern Shores first newspaper was established in 1790. The original courthouse became too small for state offices and local, state, and federal courts, so a new courthouse was constructed. The new courthouse was completed in 1794. Growth continued as the Eastern Shores first bank was established in 1805 in Easton. During the War of 1812, Fort Stoakes was constructed on a plantation overlooking the Tred Avon River for protection from an attack by the British, and the local bank moved currency to a more secure place in Pennsylvania. In 1817, the Eastern Shores first steamboat line to Baltimore was established at Easton Point. As more farmland was developed on the west side of the Chesapeake Bay, Marylands Eastern Shore declined in prosperity—and the American Civil War accelerated this decline. In 1869, a railroad line from Delaware connected Easton with major population centers in the eastern United States. This brought prosperity back to the town that continued until the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge connected Annapolis with Maryland&#39;s Eastern Shore in 1952.</p><br>
<h3>Easton today</h3><br>
<p>Traveling by automobile from major Maryland cities such as Annapolis or Baltimore, the most direct route to Easton involves crossing the bay using the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and traveling east and south on USA Route 50. The town is small to medium-sized, with a population of about 17,000 using the 2020 United States census. Its original street plan was created in 1785, and Colonel Jeremiah Banning named the main street that runs through the business district (and past the courthouse) after George Washington. The town has grown from Bannings time, and annexations include land along the Tred Avon River. Easton remains the county seat of Talbot County, and its courthouse was enlarged in 1958 by adding two wings. Despite the towns early existence, most of the buildings in the Easton Historic District were constructed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The district contains about 9,000 buildings located in residential areas and the central business district. The Easton Historic District was nominated for the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is significant for its collection of buildings from the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing structures</h2><br>
<p>In the original 1980 nomination form, the Easton Historic District consisted of approximately 900 buildings and structures within approximately 232 acres. Twenty-three were contributing, two non–contributing, and numerous others had not yet been evaluated. The sortable table below contains the original contributing structures that are part of the historic district. If the year built is a range of years, the middle of the range is used.</p><br>
<h3>Other structures within the historic district</h3><br>
<p>Bishops House was built around 1880 by Philip Francis Thomas, former governor of Maryland and former Secretary of the Treasury under President James Buchanan. The house was built after Thomas retirement. After his death in 1890, his widow sold the house to the Diocese of Easton, and it was used as the home of the Bishop of Easton until 1956. The tall structure with gabled pavilions on the major facades is located at the corner of Aurora and Goldsborough streets. Although it has facades on both streets, the house&#39;s address is 214 Goldsborough Street, and it contributes to the Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Bullitt/Chamberlain House, one of Easton&#39;s most elegant buildings, is located at 102 East Dover Street (corner of Dover and Harrison, sometimes list as 100 East Dover). Lawyer Thomas James Bullitt built this brick house in 1801. Granddaughter Elizabeth Chamberlaine and descendants owned the property into the 20th century. House is a contributing Federal architecture property to the Historic District. It is currently the headquarters of the Mid-Shore Community Foundation.</p><br>
<p>Foxley Hall is located at 24 North Aurora Street (corner of Aurora and Goldsborough, across Aurora Street from the Bishops House). It has a Flemish Bond brick facade built in the 1790s. The name "Foxley" is in honor of Mary Foxley Tilghman, daughter of Colonel Oswald Tilghman. The building has had numerous additions, and the interior was altered in the late 19th century. In 1816, the property was sold to John Leeds Kerr, whose daughter married General Tench Tilghman, grandson of the Tench Tilghman that was an aide-de-camp to George Washington in the American Revolution. This began a multi-generation ownership by the Tilghman family. Foxley Hall is a contributing property to the Historic District, and is a well–preserved example of the towns early architecture.</p><br>
<p>James Neall House is located at 27 South Washington Street, and is owned by the Talbot County Historical Society. Quakers James and Rachael Cox Neall constructed the house around 1805. The Federal-style brick townhouse is three-and-a-half stories high and has a two-story rear addition. The Historical Society has furnished the kitchen and major rooms in this three-story museum brick home. The house is a contributing property to the Easton Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Tidewater Inn is located at the corner of Dover and Harrison streets. Constructed in the late 1940s, it is outside of the Historic District&#39;s period of significance, but it is still considered a contributing property. The four-story structure houses a hotel and restaurant. It is architecturally significant for its Colonial Revival architecture, and it is historically significant for its contribution to the mid-20th century development of Easton and Talbot County. By itself it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Victorian Store is located at 25 South Washington Street, and is the home of the Talbot County Historical Society. Constructed circa 1880, the Historical Society maintains a museum and small library in the building.</p><br>
<h2>Historic District Borders</h2><br>
<p>The Easton Historic District includes the core of the town that began with a courthouse in the 18th century. Many of the buildings are residential, but the original business district is also included. The business district is located on the northern part of the west side of the district near the courthouse along Washington Street. Additional businesses are on Goldsborough and Dover streets close to Washington Street. Most of the town&#39;s buildings in the historic section are brick structures from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Less than a dozen buildings are from the 18th century, and about 50 date from the early 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Talbot County Courthouse, with an address of 11 North Washington Street, occupies most of a block surrounded by Washington, Dover, West, and Federal streets. Three churches are original contributing properties to the district. Trinity Cathedral is located on Goldsborough Street and Locust Lane, east of Aurora Street. The Bishop&#39;s House and Foxley Hall are about a block away. Christ Church is in the west central portion of the district at South Street and South Harrison Street. The Christ Church Rectory is next door, and the Armory Building is across the street. The Ashbury Methodist Episcopal Church is in the east central portion of the district, about one block south of Dover Street on South Higgins Street. At the extreme southwestern portion of the historic district is a non-contiguous section near Border Lane, and this is the location of the two Third Haven Meeting House buildings.</p><br>
<p>Lonaconing Furnace, also known as The George&#39;s Creek Coal and Iron Company Furnace No. 1, is a historic iron furnace in Lonaconing, Allegany County, Maryland, United States. It is a truncated square pyramid constructed of sandstone, 50 ft high, 50 feet square at the base, and 25 feet square at the top. It first produced iron in 1839, then the iron operation was abandoned in the mid-1850s, the Loncaconing Furnace complex included a top house, molding house, engine house, and two hot-air furnaces for heating the blast. None of these ancillary structures remains. It played a significant role in demonstrating that both coke and raw bituminous coal could be used as fuels in the manufacture of iron. It is known as "the first coke furnace, whose operation was successful, erected in this country."</p><br>
<p>Lonaconing Furnace was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Ronald&ndash;Brennan House, often referred to as just the Brennan House, is a historic Italianate townhouse located in Downtown Louisville, Kentucky. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 11, 1975. The house was voted one of the top ten favorite buildings in Louisville by local residents in a contest by The Courier-Journal.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1868 for tobacco merchant Francis Ronald. In 1884, it was sold for $12,000 to Thomas Brennan, an equipment manufacturer and inventor who was originally from Ireland. He and his wife, Anna, had eight children who grew up in the house. Thomas Brennan (1838–1914) received accolades for his inventions, including two prizes at the 1893 Chicago World&#39;s Fair. He was co-owner and vice president of Brennan & Co., SouthWestern Agricultural Works, a manufacturer of farm machinery.</p><br>
<p>The three-story townhouse has six bedrooms and features 16-foot ceilings. It was designed with stained-glass windows, an expansive veranda, hand-carved marble and slate mantels, and crystal chandeliers. The Brennan home was among the first in Louisville to have electric lights.</p><br>
<p>Two of the Brennan sons became doctors, and one of them, Dr. J. A. O. Brennan, added a north wing to the house in 1912 for medical office space with waiting and exam rooms.</p><br>
<p>One of Brennan&#39;s sons continued to live in the house until his death in 1963. At that time, the house was left to the Filson Club.</p><br>
<p>The house was operated by the Filson Club (today called The Filson Historical Society) as a house museum from 1969 until 1992, when a non-profit organization was created by the club to manage the house, as well as to help defray the costs of maintaining it.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The Brennan House is now the home of Vital Sites (formerly Louisville Preservation Fund), a non-profit organization focused on revitalizing Louisville through strategic redevelopment of abandoned or neglected spaces. The house is available for group tours and can be rented for weddings, parties, and other events. Annual Victorian holiday tours are held at the house.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the house has been preserved with original interior finishes and lighting. The furnishings are from the Brennan family&#39;s personal collection. Some of the original items in the house include family photographs, a signed Tiffany lamp, hand-carved furniture, a stained glass coat of arms by Louisville artist Bernard Alberts, and steamer trunks filled with world travel memorabilia. The medical office addition has been preserved with an exam table, equipment and medical volumes from the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The house has been reported as a haunted site in Louisville.</p><br>
<p>The National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, Marion Branch is a historic old soldiers&#39; home located in Marion, Indiana. The hospital, along with Marion National Cemetery were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999 as a national historic district.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On July 23, 1888, with increasing membership amongst the six National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers (NHDVS), Congress established the seventh of ten national old soldiers&#39; homes in Grant County, Indiana to be known as the Marion Branch. Congress allotted an appropriation of $200,000, while the Grant County residents provided a natural gas supply for the heating and lighting of this new facility. Marion, Indiana was selected as a site for the new branch due to the availability of natural gas and the political efforts of George Washington Steele.</p><br>
<h3>George Washington Steele</h3><br>
<p>During his last term, Colonel George Washington Steele introduced legislation for establishing a branch home in Grant County in the fiftieth session of congress, the measure coming up in December, and for seven months he watched the proceedings. Colonel Steele was not optimistic about the chances of Grant County receiving the National Home. In a letter sent to Simon Goldthwait two days before Congress approved the measure, Colonel Steele said that the bill "was in real danger." The bill was approved by an Act of Congress and signed by President Grover Cleveland on July 23, 1888, entitled: "An Act to authorize the location of a Branch Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers in Grant County, Indiana, and For Other Purposes." This legislation required a tract of land of at least 200 acre with a natural gas well or wells on the site. The cost of drilling the wells was to be paid by Grant County citizens. Once the site and the gas supply were provided, the Board of Managers would begin construction within six months. The initial Congressional appropriation for the project was $200,000.</p><br>
<p>Approval of Steele&#39;s bill was received with great enthusiasm in Marion, where the local newspaper predicted that the expenditure for the branch would total at least $500,000. News of the bills passing was favorably received in Grant County and on July 30, 1888, a celebration took place and it was estimated that the streets of Marion were thronged with the largest assemblage ever reported in Marion.</p><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>By October 1888, a 220 acre tract had been purchased by a group of local citizens for donation to the Federal government for the National Home site. This tract was located in North Marion in a bend of the Mississinewa River on the "hilliest body of land in Grant County" from which there were views to the east and north as well as south to Marion. However, this site proved to be unacceptable because the natural gas wells drilled on it were inadequate. Other sites were proposed.</p><br>
<p>In February 1889, General Lew A. Harris and Colonel J. B. Thomas, serving as advisers to the Board of Managers, visited Marion to inspect possible sites for the branch. They made their headquarters the Spencer House. On March 2, 1889, an announcement was made that the selection of a site along Jonesboro Pike, 2 ½ miles southeast of town, was announced. The site was assembled from 76.41 acre of Geiger owned farmland which was purchased on March 28, 1889, and 140.43 acre of land purchased from Isaac Elliott on April 10, 1889. These two tracts were purchased for approximately $110 per acre. The Federal Government only authorized up to $90 per acre, and therefore, local Grant County citizens donated the additional monies to ensure the construction of the Marion Branch. The site was later enlarged with the purchase of three additional tracts in 1894, 1896, and 1897, for a total of 298.84.</p><br>
<p>On May 2, 1889, a group of men headed by Colonel Harris arrived to visit the home site. While visiting a demonstration of the natural gas well was given. This well is located east, across the street from Building 23. Construction of the Marion Branch began in 1889. A brick works was located on an adjacent farm which supplied the bricks for the original structures.</p><br>
<p>The official opening for the Marion National Home was on March 18, 1890. The cost of land, buildings and permanent improvements totaled $698,000. Enrollment at the Marion Branch in 1890 was 586. The main hospital building, Building 19, was completed and patients began to be treated in the facility. Female nurses arrived for work from Cincinnati.</p><br>
<h3>Operations</h3><br>
<p>By 1892 a request for two additional barracks was made due to the VA reaching its veteran capacity of 1,241 members. During this time, members were sleeping on the floor due to lack of space. Enrollment steadily rose to reach 1782 members in 1901. With enrollment increasing due to the veterans returning from World War I, and with the 1917 amendment allowing all veterans the same medical care, additions to the National Home became necessary. By 1919, approximately 60 additional buildings had been constructed to include memorials, a fire station, warehouses, additional quarters, supply buildings, and greenhouses.</p><br>
<p>The Marion Branch and all other homes were opened to both the white veteran and members of the United States Colored Troops. This integration was a full eighty years before the United States had fully integrated military units. The integration was rudimentary by today&#39;s standards. When the numbers permitted there were separate barracks and separate tables in the dining hall, but each man wore the same uniform, ate the same meals and performed similar duties.</p><br>
<h3>World War I veterans</h3><br>
<p>In 1921, the Marion Branch became the Marion National Sanitarium, a facility dedicated to the treatment World War I neuropsychiatric cases, including what was then called shell shock and other mental disorders.</p><br>
<p>In August 1921, Congress acted to consolidate all veterans benefits into a single independent agency, the Veterans Bureau. On April 29, 1922, this agency assumed responsibility for fifty-seven veterans hospitals operated by the Public Health Service as well as nine under construction by the Treasury Department.</p><br>
<p>By 1926, the Board began to see a new trend in veterans use of the National Home. For the most part, the World War I veterans were receiving medical treatment and returning to civilian life rather than entering the domiciliary program for the Home. The Board noted that hospital care costs were almost three times the cost of domiciliary care and required large capital investments in hospitals, medical equipment, and professional staff. By 1928, the Board concluded that it was not capable of managing the National Home as a national medical service. In June 1929, the president of the Board of Managers was named to the Federal Commission for Consideration of Government Activities Dealing with Veterans Matters; the work of this commission resulted in the creation of the Veterans Administration.</p><br>
<h2>End of the National Home</h2><br>
<p>In 1930 the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, Veterans Bureau, and Bureau of Pensions were consolidated together into the new Veterans Administration. The National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers was renamed the "Home Service" within it. The Marion Branch was then renamed the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Marion, Indiana.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, the facility was integrated with the Fort Wayne facility by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, becoming the VA Northern Indiana Health Care System, Marion Campus.</p><br>
<h2>Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>A burial ground of 61.5 acre was set aside from the buildings in memory of the men who offered their lives in defense of their country.</p><br>
<p>"The Silent Circle" is designated as Section 1, which consists of seven concentric rows of graves. Each grave has a plain marble marker with the name of the deceased, along with the rank and regiment. Each marker is numbered in succession but does not indicate any order of death.</p><br>
<p>There is a section that was reserved for the burial of employees and their families to include the first governor of The Home and the first surgeon of the hospital.</p><br>
<p>Hermione, now the Hermione Museum, is a Greek Revival-style plantation house built in 1853 or 1855 on Kell Plantation in Madison Parish, Louisiana. In 1997 it was donated to the Madison Historical Society and moved to the parish seat of Tallulah.</p><br>
<p>In April 1862, General Grants troops landed at Millikens Bend before the siege of Vicksburg and occupied the Sparta Plantation. During the course of the siege, Union forces confiscated the Hermione House, on the Kell Plantation, for use as a federal hospital. They also took over some other plantation homes in the area. The Hermione House is one of only four antebellum structures standing in Madison Parish.</p><br>
<p>Unlike many other houses in the area, it was not destroyed by Grant during the Vicksburg Campaign because it was being used as a Union hospital. The one-story building is now operated as a museum and offices for the Madison Historical Society, to which it was donated in 1997. Afterward, it was moved to its current location on North Mulberry Street (serving in the city as US 80).</p><br>
<p>Among the museum&#39;s exhibits is one devoted to Madam C. J. Walker, born free soon after the war as Sarah Breedlove near Delta, Louisiana. She is known as the first African-American woman to become a self-made millionaire, achieving this in the 20th century. The Hermione Museum is a site listed on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.</p><br>
<p>The house was originally listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 17, 1988, at its former location on the Kell plantation. After the building was successfully moved and adapted for use by the historical society, it was relisted on November 23, 1998. It is located at 305 N. Mulberry Street (also serving as US 80).</p><br>
<p>The Snyder House in Kalispell, Montana, also known as Howard House and as Welty House, is a "transitional Colonial Revival" style house built in c.1900.</p><br>
<p>It is a wood-frame house that was probably built by stonemason Joseph C. Snyder, and its design is probably from a pattern book. It was argued to be "a fine representative example of transitional Colonial Revival styling on Kalispell&#39;s west side." Its NRHP nomination states:While the overall massing and cross-gabled form of the house are distinctive of the Colonial Revival genre, numerous decorative elements clearly reflect late 19th century Queen Anne styling, including the turned supports with scroll-work on the almost-full-width front porch, the clapboard siding with decorative shingle work in the gable ends, the stained glass transoms, and the bay window.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Proprietary House in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, United States, is the only proprietary governor&#39;s mansion of the original Thirteen Colonies still standing. Overseen by architect and builder John Edward Pryor, construction began in 1762 and was completed in 1764.</p><br>
<p>The Georgian style "mansion" was first occupied by Chief Justice Frederick Smyth by rent and approval of "The Proprietors" on April 10, 1766, to 1773. In May 1773, the mansion was repaired and fitted to be the residence of the royal governor of New Jersey, and leased by the proprietors as such.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>18th century</h3><br>
<p>The home was occupied temporarily, 1774 to 1776, by the Royal Governor of New Jersey, William Franklin, the illegitimate son of Benjamin Franklin.</p><br>
<h4>American Revolution</h4><br>
<p>In January 1776, he was ordered to be held under house arrest on order of the Provincial Congress of New Jersey and under guard of the Committee of Safety. In June 1776, after the onset of hostilities between Great Britain and the fledgling nation, he was ordered arrested and taken to Princeton for trial and then imprisoned in Litchfield, Connecticut until his release in a prisoner exchange in 1778.</p><br>
<p>Either during and after the American Revolutionary War, the House suffered extensive damage. A fire gutted the interior. On February 29, 1792, an ad in the New Jersey Journal and Political Intelligence stated "to be sold... eleven acres of land... the property of the proprietors of East New Jersey... the remains of the house lately burned, will be nearly sufficient for a new building."</p><br>
<p>The property was not sold until John Rattoon, first official mayor of Perth Amboy, New Jersey. purchased it for $1,051 in 1794. Rattoon, a Perth Amboy merchant, had carefully concealed his work as an operator for the British secret service. He tore down the damaged rear portion of the upper story, put on a roof, and refurbished the interior.</p><br>
<p>After the house was ravaged by a mysterious fire in the late 18th century a new owner, Rattoney restored it. Rattone was an ambitious New Yorker who added a large wing and turned the property into The Brighton, a hotel of grand stature in its day.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>It briefly flourished as an elegant and popular hotel until the War of 1812 brought an end to tourism and the lifeblood of the hotel. Mathias Bruen, who bought the property at a sheriffs sale in 1817, became one of the wealthiest men in America while he lived here. His descendants made large contributions to Americas social and political history.</p><br>
<p>In subsequent years, the original 11.5-acre site was subdivided, and the former Proprietary House was converted into a Presbyterian retirement home. It was adapted again as a hotel, but with modest accommodations. Now owned by the State of New Jersey, a portion of the building is operated as a museum by the Proprietary House Association. The upper floors of the original building and the 1809 wing are occupied by professional offices.</p><br>
<p>The first floor and basement of the Proprietary House have been undergoing extensive repairs and restoration by the non-profit Proprietary House Association. The New Jersey Historic Trust and the Division of Parks and Forestry of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, along with private contributors, have greatly supported the effort to restore some of the former glory of the building.</p><br>
<h4>The Brighton Hotel</h4><br>
<p>In 1808, Rattoon sold the property to Richard M. Woodhull of New York City who converted it into a hotel called The Brighton. In addition to building a three-story wing, Woodhull added two stories to the main block. The smaller lintels of the third floor windows indicate the change.</p><br>
<p>During the 1986 restoration, the attic chimneys revealed that the original roof had been only about eight feet lower than the present one. Woodhull replaced the huge front door, the outline of which is still distinguishable in the brick pattern.</p><br>
<p>The massive brownstone steps were replaced with a two-story porch. A door leading to the second story of the porch replaced the Venetian window. Almost all of the present woodwork dates from the 1808–1809 period. It was then that the two handsome interior arches were constructed.</p><br>
<p>On May 27, 1809, the New-York Gazette described The Brighton Hotel as a "charming place, magnificent by nature and elegant by art."</p><br>
<h4>The Bruen House</h4><br>
<p>The War of 1812 ruined the Brighton as a resort. In 1817, it was sold at sheriff&#39;s sale to Mathias Bruen, a Perth Amboy merchant who had become one of the wealthiest men in the nation. He resided there until his death in 1846. The Bruen heirs renovated the property and renamed it as the Brighton.</p><br>
<p>Interruptions caused by the Mexican-American and Civil Wars, however, doomed the project.</p><br>
<h4>The Westminster</h4><br>
<p>In 1883, the Bruen family conveyed the property to the Presbyterian Board of Relief for Disabled Ministers and the Wives and Orphans of Deceased Ministers, where it was used as a home for the families of deceased ministers. After 20 years, the Presbytery returned the property to the Bruen family.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>In 1904, the family sold the property. Most of its eleven acres were divided into building lots, and Kearny Avenue was cut through. The house experienced a series of owners. Over the years it changed from a comfortable apartment house with a public restaurant to a rooming house.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>In 1914 a group of Perth Amboy citizens founded the Westminster Historical Society to raise funds to purchase and restore the Proprietary House. In the late 1930s, the house was measured and plans drawn by the Historical American Buildings Survey for a record of this significant property. The plans and photos are held by the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<p>Realizing that the importance of the property was as the Proprietary House and not as the Westminster, the Proprietary House Association was incorporated on September 7, 1966, to succeed the Westminster Historical Society. The state was persuaded to purchase the property, and it was placed on both the State and National Registers of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Mainly with volunteer help, the association cleaned out years of accumulated debris and removed walls which had divided the great rooms. The first two floors were open to visitors in 1976. Gradually, it became recognized that the Proprietary House is of state and national as well as local significance. However, the process of decay continually outpaced the process of restoration. Neither the association or the state were able to pay for historically accurate restoration.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, the Restoration Partnership of Boston, with William S. Pavlovsky as a principal, proposed a plan under which the partnership would lease the house and 3.5 acres of surrounding land for 25 years. At its cost, the Partnership would restore and renovate the exterior, and finish the interior of the 1809 wing and the upper floors of the main block as offices. Income from the offices would reimburse the partnership. The plan was implemented in 1986. The ground and first floors of the original mansion are leased by the State to the Proprietary House Association, which is charged with raising funds for programming, interpretation, and historically accurate restoration.</p><br>
<p>In late 2011 a historically accurate re-restoration began. Through paint analysis, soon each room on the first floor and basement levels will depict a colorful timeline of its many past occupants. The color of the rooms can now be seen and experienced as they were through the eyes of those viewing them in their era. This museum is a hands-on introduction to the events and people that helped shape this nation&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Throughout these phases, the house/museum is always open for tours, events, and exhibits.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The Richard McGuire graphic novel Here is set on the grounds of the Proprietary House, primarily in a family home built on one of the land lots sold in 1904. A flashback sequence briefly depicts the political conflict between Benjamin Franklin and his son William.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Historic District in Washington, Kentucky was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and its borders were increased in 1976. The buildings of Washington range from simple log cabins to late Georgian and early Federal styles constructed of home burned brick laid in Flemish bond. Many houses have double doors at the entrance and a reeded roll length wise under a four light transom.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The significant architecture of Washington covers the period 1765–1850. Taking into account the time lag between architectural styles fashionable on the Atlantic seaboard and in the frontier, the lack of refined, period examples within the town that can be found elsewhere in the state becomes understandable. Eighteen buildings were earmarked within the boundaries of the original historic district (approved January 21, 1970). They included the most important buildings historically and architecturally, for example:</p><br>
<p>The Paxton Inn (c. 1810), a brick three-story Federal style example of an early Kentucky public inn</p><br>
<p>Albert Sidney Johnston House, representative of simple early frame domestic buildings in Kentucky, is reputed to be the birthplace and childhood home of Confederate States of America Army General, Albert Sidney Johnston</p><br>
<p>Federal Hill (1800), is a two-story brick house with transitional details of Georgian and Federal styles built by Colonel Thomas Marshall and completed by his son. Another son, John Marshall, became the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (1801–1835).</p><br>
<p>Marshall Key House (1807), a two-story brick house, has a Federal style main body with a Georgian style doorway. The builder was Colonel Marshall Key, who moved to Kentucky in 1795.</p><br>
<p>Arthur Fox House (also Fox-Bickley House, c. 1785), a two-story frame and nogging clapboarded structure, was built by one of the original trustees of Washington.</p><br>
<p>The rich variety of buildings include a "flat-boat house", the only surviving example of this unique kind of structure, a bank, an inn, row buildings, churches, a school building, a group of log, frame, brick, and stone homes along with several types of outbuildings.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The founding of Washington dates back to May 1775, when a group of ten men arrived from farther east in Virginia to survey and improve lands. One of the men, Jonathan Higgs, built a cabin near the present east end of York Street in Washington. The most influential of the group was Simon Kenton, who cleared about an acre of land at a site about 1.5 miles from Washington.</p><br>
<p>In 1785, Simon Kenton sold 700 acres to two Virginians, Arthur Fox and William Wood, who decided to lay out a one-mile square grid-iron site, sell lots, and turn a profit. The town was named "Washington" with the intention that it might become the national capital and was the first town in America to be so named.</p><br>
<p>Washington&#39;s early commercial success stemmed from its location. Those settlers who landed at Limestone and who wished to travel to the Kentucky interior had to negotiate a steep hill to the plateau three and one-half miles away where Washington stands. This required a full day to drive a heavily loaded wagon the short distance and therefore most elected to stop overnight at the town before continuing the inland journey.</p><br>
<h2>High period</h2><br>
<p>Washington was once the second largest town in Kentucky as reported by the first federal census of 1790 which lists four hundred sixty-two residents living in one hundred nineteen houses. It became the county seat in 1788 when Mason County was formed</p><br>
<p>By 1794, when the Mason County Courthouse was built, the town had already become one of the most dominant in the state. The resulting influx of lawyers and others concerned with court activities led to the establishment of a number of taverns and inns. The Washington post office was designated as the mail distribution center for the entire Northwest Territory including the present states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin.</p><br>
<h2>Decline</h2><br>
<p>After the start of the 19th century, Washington experienced a slow decline. One traveler passing through on November 25, 1818, described the town as being "laid out on a large plan but not thriving". Disaster struck in April 1825, when a fire destroyed thirteen buildings including two taverns.</p><br>
<p>A second misfortune occurred in 1820 when the Lexington and Ohio Railroad was laid out from Lexington to the Ohio River bypassing Washington, a serious blow to the future economy of the town. Outbreaks of cholera in 1832 and 1833 and significantly reduced the population. The nearby town of Maysville, however, experienced rapid development between 1830 and 1850, surpassing the growth of Washington. The inevitable happened in 1847 with the decision to transfer the county seat from Washington to Maysville.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological report</h2><br>
<p>An archaeological survey was completed during the summer of 1975. The physical survey and historical research of others led to the discovery of additional historic sites and artifacts both inside and outside of the original historic district boundary.</p><br>
<p>The surface collection of artifacts within the township provided a good chronological overview of the areas cultural remains and their development. A total of 1,858 artifacts were recovered from the surface, and represent occupational periods from c. 1785 through more recent times. Pearlware, ironstone, and various heavy stoneware - including American blue on grey - were collected throughout the township. Recovered glass artifacts included basal fragments of bottles bearing pre-1860 pontil scars, dark olive or "black" glass, canning jar fragments, and a considerable amount of the sun-colored amethyst glass characteristic of the period 1880–1914. Metallic artifacts include hand-wrought pieces, small iron chains, a boot scraper, and 19th century building hardware.</p><br>
<p>The Rushmore Memorial Library, also known as the Rushmore Memorial Building, is located at the junction of NY 32 and Weygant Hill Road in Highland Mills, New York, United States. It is a small Arts and Crafts-style stone building constructed in the 1920s with a donation from Charles E. Rushmore, a local resident for whom Mount Rushmore is also named.</p><br>
<p>It served as the Town of Woodbury public library until the mid-1980s, when a larger modern library was built. Today it is the headquarters of the town historical society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008, after two previous efforts in the 1980s failed.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The library is a one-story three-by-three-bay structure faced in locally quarried uncoursed puddingstone and topped with a Mission-style ceramic-tiled hipped roof that overhangs the building on all sides and covers the front steps as well. A stone chimney, similar to the wall, rises from the west side. A wheelchair ramp leads into a rear entrance; a short set of stairs to the front.</p><br>
<p>Inside, there is one single room with a large stone chimney breast and fireplace and mahogany bookshelves. Other original wooden trim and furnishing remains. There is a bronze memorial plaque with a poem by Jane Rushmore Patterson, Rushmore&#39;s daughter. The basement is fully excavated.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Woodbury&#39;s public library began in the years following World War I as a small collection of books kept first on a shelf at the local drugstore and later moved to a grocery store and the telephone company office as it got larger. Jane Patterson encouraged her parents to help build a permanent home for the library, and they bought the land and put up the money to build it. The deed stipulated that the building and property remain in use as a library or some related function, or it would revert to the Rushmore family.</p><br>
<p>Howard Gregory, a young local war veteran and architect whose father&#39;s firm had built the Rushmore home in 1906, designed the library and oversaw its construction throughout 1924. One of his early renderings is displayed in the building today. His use of uncut stone was in keeping with both the principles of the American Arts and Crafts movement and other nearby rustic stone architecture, such as the gatehouse at the F.F. Proctor estate a few miles away and the structures built for Harriman and Bear Mountain state parks and the new gated community of Tuxedo Park.</p><br>
<p>Charles Rushmore died in 1931, and eight years later the library would be formally renamed in his memory. At the same time it was deeded to what was then the Highland Mills Common School District. In 1951, that district was one of several merged into the new Monroe-Woodbury Central School District. The library remained under the new district&#39;s control for five years, until in 1956 the school district transferred it back to the town. It became Rushmore Memorial Public Library, the Highland Mills branch of the town library, in 1958. It was a charter member of the regional Ramapo-Catskill Library System when that was established the next year.</p><br>
<p>In 1966, all volunteer services at the library were ended. The wheelchair ramp was added in 1970, with a window converted to a door in the process. Fifteen years later, in 1985, the town built a newer, larger library facility, and it briefly considered whether to keep the original building or not. It was decided that the historical society would keep collections related to local history there.</p><br>
<p>At that time, the historical society had tried twice to get the library listed on the National Register, but both applications failed. In 2008, with help from New York&#39;s Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, they were successful.</p><br>
<p>Pleasant Valley School in Bellvue, Colorado is a rural one-room schoolhouse that was built in 1879. Its foundation and walls were built of sandstone from a nearby quarry. It has a front-gabled simple roof with wide overhanging eaves.</p><br>
<p>It was converted for use as a residence for farm staff in the 1930s and 1940s, with addition of electricity, plumbing, and a new hardwood floor. The schools belfry and bell, which were at the south end of the roof, were donated to, and are located at, Bellvues Church of Christ.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant "for its association with the educational history of Larimer County between the years 1879-1913, being directly influenced by the national and state educational trend of consolidation." Consolidation of students from smaller rural schools was needed to improve quality of education. It was also important "for its architectural significance as a</p><br>
<p>rare example of a stone schoolhouse in the county, while exhibiting the distinguishing characteristics of rural one-room schoolhouses."</p><br>
<p>The Orpheum Theatre, also known as New Orpheum Theatre and Orpheum Electric Building, is a performing arts center located at 528 S. Pierce Street in Sioux City, Iowa. Built in 1927 as a vaudeville and movie palace, the theatre was restored in 1999 and today is the home of the Sioux City Symphony Orchestra.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The Sioux City Orpheum was designed by the nationally known Chicago firm of Rapp & Rapp and constructed in 1927 as part of the Orpheum Circuit. The major builder for the theatre was local Sioux City businessman, Arthur Sanford. It was one of the largest theatres in Iowa at its time and was certainly somewhat of a risk financially for Mr. Sanford, with a total construction cost of 1.75 million. This once opulent vaudeville and moving picture house boasted a large 2,650 seat, three story auditorium complete with Wurlitzer pipe organ, half circle boxes, hand carved detailing, gilded ornamentation, several crystal chandeliers and a hand painted ceiling. Throughout the years, the Orpheum was used for symphony performances, ballet and special attractions and hosted entertainers such as Fred Astaire, Tallulah Bankhead, and Katharine Hepburn.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>According to Ray Shepardson, a nationally known theatre restoration specialist, because of the work of filmmaker George Lindblade, the project may be the most extensively documented major theatre restoration in the United States. Lindblades documentary "Puttin on the Glitz" is the latest in a long list of award-winning projects.</p><br>
<p>Over the decades, the theater suffered numerous insensitive remodels but has recently been restored. In 1982, the theater was "twinned" or cut into two small movie houses, and a wall of sheet rock was placed down the center aisle. These movie theaters operated until 1992 when for the first time in 65 years, the Orpheum went dark.</p><br>
<p>The reconstruction, overseen by Ray Shepardson, was started in 1999 with the expertise of architect Ed Storm, AIA from FEH DESIGN in Sioux City at a cost of nearly $12 million. During the renovation 3 of the original crystal chandeliers were found intact above the drop-ceiling. Their single toughest problem was reconstructing the balcony and loge boxes. It took four months and 40,000 pounds of steel to complete the reconstruction. When the theater reopened in the fall of 2001, reporter Robert Morast wrote in the Sioux Falls Argus Leader: "Basically, the Orpheum feels like an upper-class theater ripped out of an old black-and-white movie and given a Technicolor treatment. The ambiance alone is worth the price of admission."</p><br>
<p>The Orpheum Theater was publicly reopened on 15 September 2001. Recent performances have been given by Bill Cosby, Sheryl Crow, B.B. King, Bob Dylan, Olivia Newton-John, Wynton Marsalis and David Copperfield. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Orpheum Theatre is a historic theater in downtown Wichita, Kansas, United States. It was designed by renowned theatre architect John Eberson with funding from a group of local investors and opened on September 4, 1922.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The theater it was one of three early theatres designed with elements of what would become known as the atmospheric style. Wichita&#39;s Orpheum design was that of a Spanish garden and courtyard.</p><br>
<p>The 42 ft high by 40 ft wide proscenium arch is the main feature of the auditorium. The sidewalls of the auditorium were accented by niches with mock tile roofs, grills, and wood lattice arches across the ceiling to create a courtyard effect.</p><br>
<p>While the theatre was originally designed with 1,700 seats, it now seats 1,286.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally built as a vaudeville venue, the theatre underwent conversion into a movie house in 1929 and for decades it presented both movies and live entertainment. Throughout the 1920s, the Chicago-based Orpheum circuit brought famous names like: Al Jolson, Fannie Brice, Jack Benny, George Burns, Louis Armstrong, Ella Fitzgerald, Gracie Allen, Gypsy Rose Lee, Bing Crosby, Mickey Rooney, and Harry Houdini to Wichitas Orpheum Theatre. Admission to these shows would generally cost between $0.40 and $0.75. In addition to these live acts, the Orpheum was one of the first theatres to show D.W. Griffiths The Birth of a Nation and hosted the Kansas premier of Gone with the Wind in 1940.</p><br>
<p>With the economic boom brought on by 1940s defense spending, the Orpheum was kept open 24 hours a day to accommodate the many shifts of workers building airplanes for WWII effort.</p><br>
<h3>Closing and Rebirth</h3><br>
<p>In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the advent of multiplex movie theatres caused attendance at the Orpheum to drop significantly. Orpheum management tried to keep the venue open with martial arts films and even a brief foray into adult films. These efforts failed and the theatre closed its doors in November 1976. The final film shown was a martial arts film titled The Bodyguard. After stripping the building of its material value, including the seats, the theatre was abandoned and left to rot.</p><br>
<p>After many nearby downtown theatres were closed and demolished in the 1950s to 1970s, there was a growing effort to save the historic Orpheum Theatre. In order to keep the city of Wichita from demolishing the Orpheum, two local businesswomen, Meredith "Milly" Hill and Marge Setter, created a group called "Save the Orpheum". Their efforts, along with local attorney Stan Wisdom, saved the building from the wrecking ball, virtually at the last minute. Advocacy from other concerned citizens continued and the City of Wichita designated the Orpheum Theatre as an historic landmark in 1978. In 1980, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. A nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization called the Orpheum Performing Arts Centre LTD was then formed to take ownership of the theatre. Various legal entanglements complicated ownership of the office complex adjacent to the theatre, until a US District Judge signed an order dismissing the nonprofit group from the lawsuits. In 1992 clear title and ownership of the theatre was formally handed to the nonprofit. However, much work needed to be done in order to restore it to an operational condition.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>Before restoration could begin, the building had to be completely cleaned, as it was made uninhabitable by teeming refuse left over from years of abandonment. The roof leaked and needed to be repaired, several walls needed to be re-stabilized, much of the interior paint had peeled, plaster had fallen out of the roof and walls, and much of the exterior brick needed to be replaced. Because the seating had been removed and sold during the closing, the Orpheum board installed used seating taken from various sources throughout Wichita, including a former theatre at Towne East Mall and an auditorium at City Hall. After these basic renovations had taken place, attention was turned to upgrading the theatre&#39;s interior functions. An updated heating and air conditioning system was installed in 2001, a new marquee and updated restrooms were added in 2002, the lobby concession area was restored in 2005, the lobby vestibule restored in 2007, exterior brick and roof repair completed in 2010, new LED lights acquired and installed in 2010, exit corridors and doors were repaired and a new handicap ramp was installed in 2012, the projection booth was restored in 2013, and most recently, the auditorium foyer and east stair tower were restored in 2015. Areas still to be addressed are new auditorium flooring, seating, decorative plaster work, and significant stage upgrades.</p><br>
<h3>Today</h3><br>
<p>Wichitas Orpheum theatre is still owned by the nonprofit Orpheum Performing Arts Centre LTD, and is managed by venue & event management company, ASM Global (formerly SMG; itself owned By The Anschutz Corporation through Anschutz Entertainment Group), making it a Sister venue to Intrust Bank Arena also Located in downtown Wichita that is Separately Owned by The Government of Sedgwick County. The venue is host to over 100 shows each year from all genres of entertainment. Nationally renowned performers regularly grace the historic Orpheum theatre stage, recent performers include: Dave Chappelle, "Weird Al" Yankovic, Elvis Costello, Keb Mo&#39;, William Shatner, Lewis Black, Steven Stills, Blue October, Judy Collins, Paula Poundstone, Black Violin, Halestorm, David Blaine, Diana Krall, and David Sedaris, and most recently the cult classic hit tour of Mystery Science Theater 3000 Live! Additionally, the theatre is a primary venue for the annual Tallgrass Film Festival and curates its own annual film series.</p><br>
<h2>Former theaters</h2><br>
<p>This table compares the Orpheum against other former theaters in downtown Wichita. The Miller was the "king" of theaters in downtown Wichita, featuring a baroque style with three balconies and 2000 seats.</p><br>
<p>Centreville Historic District is a national historic district at Centreville, Queen Annes County, Maryland, United States. It contains an exceptional collection of 18th, 19th, and 20th century buildings chronicling the architectural development of an Eastern Shore of Maryland community. Among Centrevilles residential, commercial, and ecclesiastical buildings are representative examples of the various architectural types and styles which characterized towns in the region during the period.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Muller&#39;s Department Store was a major department store, and it is the name of a three-story brick building now located at 625 Ryan Street in downtown Lake Charles, Louisiana. The building was built in 1913 and opened as a 45,000 ft&sup2; store. It was expanded to the rear in 1949, adding about a third.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>At the time of its NRHP application, plans were underway for it to be renovated into apartments. The developer sought tax credits that would be tied to NRHP listing.</p><br>
<p>Today it serves as an apartment complex in the heart of downtown.</p><br>
<p>Wing Park Golf Course in Elgin, Illinois, is the "oldest and best preserved nine-hole municipal golf course in Illinois." The course was constructed during a golf course boom in the Chicago area during first few years of the 1900s. The course was named after William H. Wing, who donated the land for a park in 1902. When the Elgin and Belvidere Electric Company was built only a few blocks away, Elgin developed the southern portion of the property to a golf course. The course was developed by Tom Bendelow, a prolific designer who laid out over six hundred golf courses. Wing Park Golf Course opened on September 5, 1908, and has been in continuous operation since. The Wing Park Golf Club was organized in 1912 to help manage the property. The course was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Golf is a sport that was brought to America by Scottish immigrants in the 1890s. It was immediately recognized as a sport of the wealthy, and moguls such as William Kissam Vanderbilt built their own courses. Charles B. Macdonald was a stockbroker who learned the sport while he attended school at the University of St Andrews in Scotland. Macdonald built the first golf course, the Onwentsia Club, in the Chicago area in Lake Forest in 1892. A year later, he built the Chicago Golf Club, the nations first 18-hole golf course. The Chicago Golf Club was a great success, and prompted the construction of several new courses; by 1900, Chicago and its suburbs boasted twenty-six courses. Golf became a sport not only for the wealthy, but also for the public. In 1895, New York City opened a course at Van Cortlandt Park, the nations first municipal course. Chicago followed suit in 1899, opening Jackson Park Golf Club to the public.</p><br>
<p>Elgin was founded in 1830s and became an important manufacturing town after the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad reached it in 1850. The Elgin National Watch Company and Gail Borden Condensed Milk factories dramatically increased the local population by providing jobs. Decreasing work hours at the turn of the century resulted in more recreational time for employees. The first golf course in Elgin was the nine-hole Elgin Country Club in 1901, a private course designed by Tom Bendelow west of the city. Bendelow designed over 600 golf courses in his career. He was a strong advocate for public golf courses, and taught course design at the college level.</p><br>
<p>Wing Park was named for William H. Wing, a descendent of the Wing family who moved to Elgin in 1846. Wing was a successful attorney and donated 121.5 acres of this estate to Elgin for use as a public park in 1902. The park officially opened to the public on August 2, 1903, and was split between land that had been used for farming and land that was covered in native woods. The park remained relatively undeveloped until 1907, when the Elgin and Belvidere Electric Company extended to State Street, four blocks east of the park. Among this plan was the construction of the Wing Park Golf Course. Elgin hired Bendelow, who staked the Wing Park course in only one day, and the course was built in two months at a cost of $1,250. The course was simple, but was primarily intended to be playable to beginning golfers. The course featured parallel fairways, small greens, and incorporated the natural terrain into the course design. When Wing Park Golf Course opened on September 5, 1908, Elgin became the smallest city in the country with a public golf course.</p><br>
<p>The Wing Park Golf Club was established on September 14, 1912, with 88 charter members. They purchased the property across from the course entrance and built a club house the next year. The club house was an American Craftsman bungalow with a veranda facing the course. The club sold an additional 200 memberships for $25 each. By 1921, Wing Park was so successful that Elgin had to ban non-residents from playing the course on weekends. Non-residents still flocked to the field, prompting Elgin in the mid-1920s to impose a fifty cent fee to residents and a dollar fee for non-residents to further increase availability to residents. In 1926, plans were made to buy and adjacent property and convert Wing Park to an 18-hole course, but these were halted by the Great Depression. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 18, 2009. Today, it is the second-oldest extant golf course in Illinois (next to Jackson Park), and the oldest to retain its original conformation.</p><br>
<p>All holes were named in the early days of the golf course.</p><br>
<p>The Balch Hotel is a historic commercial lodging building in Dufur, Oregon, United States. It was built in 1907 by Charles Balch, a local land owner and businessman. The hotel has changed hands a number of times over the years, but it has remained in continuous use since it was constructed. Today, the Balch Hotel is an active hotel serving visitors to the Dufur area. Because of its importance to local history, the Balch Hotel is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first homesteader arrived in the Dufur area in 1852. The earliest community records are of church meetings beginning in 1862. The town was named for the Dufur family, successful ranchers who settled in the Dufur Valley in 1872. The Dufur post office was established in 1878. The town of Dufur was incorporated 1893.</p><br>
<p>The need to accommodate travelers grew along with the town of Dufur. The Balch Hotel was designed by F. M. Andrews for Charles P. Balch, a local rancher and pharmacist. It was built in 1907, and opened on 17 January 1908. When the hotel opened, the cost of a room ranged from $0.50 to $1.25 per night. The hotel boasted that it had hot water in every room, electric lights, and steam heat. At that time, there were only two places in the Dufur Valley that had electricity, the Balch Hotel and Dufurs saw mill. The two businesses shared the limited power supply; each got twelve hours of electricity per day. The lumber mill had electricity for 12 hours during the day, and the hotel was connected for twelve hours beginning in the evening. In its early years, the Great Southern Railroad would drop off salesmen, who could connect at Dufur between the railroads northern terminus at The Dalles and coaches to points south in Central Oregon. The salesmen typically stayed at the Balch Hotel, and would set up their wares in the hotel&#39;s parlor. This made the hotel a center of community activity as well as a haven for travelers.</p><br>
<p>In 1914, Balch sold the hotel to Frank and Ethel Ingels. The onset of the Great Depression, which was attended by the closure of the railroad and the failure of a major local apple orchard, marked the end of Dufurs and the hotels heyday. The Ingels family operated the hotel until the 1940s. When they sold the building, it was converted into apartments. It was a rooming house for a number of years and later a private residence. The building was eventually purchased by Howard and Patricia Green in 1988. The Greens restored and modernized the building and reopened the hotel. In 2006, Jeff and Samantha Irwin purchased the hotel from the Greens. The Irwins continued the Greens&#39; restoration work. Then in June 2015, Claire Sierra and Josiah Dean took over operations. Today, the Balch Hotel is a small but well-appointed tourist hotel.</p><br>
<p>Because the Balch Hotel played an important role in the commercial development of Dufur and central Wasco County, the hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 8 September 1987. The historic site covers ten acres, with one historic building (the hotel) and three other non-contributing structures on the property.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Balch Hotel is a three-story Italianate style brick building. The bricks used in the hotels construction were made at a brickworks on Charles Balchs ranch, near the building site. The hotels brick walls are 18 inches thick. This keeps the hotels interior cool during the hot summer months.</p><br>
<p>All the rooms were restored and modernized between 1988 and 2007, so the Balch Hotel is quite modern; however, it still retains an early 20th-century feel. There are no telephones or televisions in the rooms, but there are wireless Internet connections. The building&#39;s historic character has been maintained in many small details; for example, original fire hoses hang in the hallway and an old electric meter is still in its original location on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The hotel has 19 guest bedrooms plus a suite on the third floor with a view of Mount Hood and private whirlpool tub. Each room has an individual style with antique furnishings and unique period décor. All the rooms on the south side of the building have private baths. The rooms on the north side share common bath facilities with original claw-foot tubs.</p><br>
<p>Lineboro Historic District is a national historic district at Lineboro, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. It comprises most of the village of Lineboro. In addition to a number of 19th and early 20th century homes, also present are agricultural outbuildings, including bank barns. Public, commercial, and industrial buildings include several stores, a one-room school and a fire hall. Other buildings of interest include the former hotel, a feed mill, and the 1908 cruciform-plan Gothic Revival Lazarus Union Church. The district comprises a total of 83 resources, of which 70, or 84%, contribute to its significance.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Linwood Historic District is a national historic district at Linwood, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. The district includes a mixture of railway structures , community structures  and residences with rural dependencies . They date to the 19th and early-20th century and most structures relate to Linwood&#39;s role as a rail depot for the transportation of farm goods and supplies.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>New Windsor Historic District is a national historic district at New Windsor, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. The district contains a wide variety of domestic, commercial, public, educational, and religious resources reflecting the development of the town from its founding in 1796 up to the World War II era. Most common homes are 2- or -story center-entrance or center-passage plan dwellings, of both three and five bays, and three-bay side-passage plan houses.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Taneytown Historic District is a national historic district at Taneytown, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. The district comprises a cohesive group of houses, churches, commercial buildings and industrial structures reflecting the development of this crossroads town from its initial platting in 1762 through the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Union Bridge Historic District is a national historic district at Union Bridge, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. The district consists of this small piedmont village, which serves the area as a market center for the surrounding agricultural area. The greatest growth occurred in the 1880s after the Western Maryland Railway built its shops here.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Uniontown Historic District is a national historic district at Uniontown, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. The district comprises nearly the entirety of Uniontown and contains a remarkably cohesive and well-preserved collection of houses, commercial buildings, churches, and schools reflecting the development of this agricultural village from the turn of the 19th century through the 1930s. It is an example of a linear townscape typical of small settlements in rural north-central Maryland during the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Union Mills Homestead Historic District is a national historic district at Westminster, Carroll County, Maryland, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The homestead comprises a dwelling house, a brick grist mill, a surviving bark shed from the 19th century tannery complex, a reconstructed tannery barn, and a Bollman-design bridge.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Shriver Homestead was built in 1797 by Andrew and David Shriver and has been continually occupied by the family. The mill, also built 1797, is a large brick structure, built of locally manufactured brick laid in both Flemish bond and common bond. On June 30, 1863, General J.E.B. Stuart of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia camped at Union Mills and was hosted by part of the Shriver family. On the following day, General James Barnes of the 5th Corps of the Army of the Potomac arrived on the site and welcomed and entertained by other members of the family.</p><br>
<p>Union Mills was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Union Mills Homestead was home to the Shriver family for 6 generations. It is currently a historic landmark located near Westminster, Maryland, about 17 miles south of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The Homestead is now a museum of American culture, operated by the Union Mills Homestead Foundation, a non-profit foundation with all proceeds dedicated to the preservation and restoration of the Union Mills Homestead Complex.</p><br>
<h3>The building of the Shriver homestead</h3><br>
<p>The following passage is excerpted from "Union Mills: The Shriver Homestead Since 1797" by Frederic Shriver Klein:</p><br>
<p>The Shriver brothers bought a large tract of land along Big Pipe Creek, about seven miles north of Westminster and along early roads leading into Littlestown and Pennsylvanias roads toward the west. The junction of Pipe Creek and Deep Run furnished a strong flow of water for a mill in the wide valley, and gentle slopes on either side provided land for grazing, farming or settlement. Heavy stands of black oak would furnish tanbark for a tannery, and the Shrivers knew a good bit about tanning leather. At this time, Andrew Shriver was operating a store and tavern in Littlestown, Pennsylvania, and David was practicing as a civil engineer in Maryland. The original mill contract shows that on January 25, 1797, the two brothers completed arrangements with John Mong, a Frederick County millwright to construct "a set of mills," a grist mill and a saw mill. On March 13, Jacob Keefer and John Eckert contracted "to mould and burn a kiln of brick" for the mill, "providing 100,000 brick or more, to be paid for at the rate of one French crown for every thousand brick." The brick kiln was constructed near the creek, known in previous years as Pipeclay Creek. The house had its origin on January 26 of the same year, when a contract was made with Henry Kohlstock of York County, Pennsylvania, for building a small double house as a residence for the two brothers. Kohlstock, a joiner, agreed "to finish two small houses 14 by 17 feet each, to be connected by a porch and passage about 10 feet wide." Each house had one upper and one lower room, with a connecting center hallway and a small porch in front, twelve by eight feet. The carpenters bill for labor gives an interesting idea of costs in 1797:</p><br>
<p>Lower floors for small house 5 dols.</p><br>
<p>Upper floor, rough 3 dols.</p><br>
<p>Windows, casing, frames and sash 2 dols. each</p><br>
<p>Doors, casings, etc. 2 dols.each</p><br>
<p>Weatherboarding, stairs, porch, cornice seats, washboards 3 dols.</p><br>
<p>Painting 6 dols.</p><br>
<p>The total labor costs for the house came to eighty-six dollars!"</p><br>
<p>Warfield Complex, Hubner, and T Buildings is a national historic district located at Sykesville, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. It comprises the historic core of the women&#39;s facility at Springfield State Hospital, a public mental institution. It was developed over the period 1898–1939. The complex comprises 16 contributing resources unified by a consistently high level of architectural elaboration in the Georgian and Colonial Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Western Maryland College Historic District is a national historic district at Westminster, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. It is situated within the confines of the present 100-plus acre college campus of McDaniel College and comprises an area of about three acres at its southeast corner. It includes six of the colleges earliest surviving buildings and structures: Alumni Hall, Carroll Hall, Levine Hall, The Presidents House, Little Baker Chapel, and the Ward Memorial Arch. These structures are the oldest surviving architectural links with the 19th century beginnings of the college.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Union Bridge station is a historic railway station in Union Bridge, Carroll County, Maryland. It was built in 1902 as a stop for the Western Maryland Railway. It is representative of the rural railway stations constructed during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The station&#39;s two buildings are arranged with their south façades lengthwise fronting the railroad tracks.</p><br>
<p>The railroad operated a major railroad car shop adjacent to the station from the late 19th century until the 1950s. The shop buildings were demolished in 1964.</p><br>
<p>The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 as Union Bridge Station.</p><br>
<h2>Western Maryland Railway Historical Society Museum</h2><br>
<p>The station is now the home of the Western Maryland Railway Historical Society Museum, which includes artifacts of the Western Maryland Railway.</p><br>
<p>The Willa Cather Birthplace, also known as the Rachel E. Boak House, is the site near Gore, Virginia, where the Pulitzer Prize-winning author Willa Cather was born in 1873. The log home was built in the early 19th century by her great-grandfather and has been enlarged twice. The building was previously the home of Rachel E. Boak, Cather&#39;s grandmother. Cather and her parents lived in the house only about a year before they moved to another home in Frederick County. The farmhouse was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register  in 1976 and the National Register of Historic Places  in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was originally owned by Cathers great-grandfather, Jacob Seibert. The original portion of the home was probably built in the 1810s. A two-story frame extension on the western end of the house was added around twenty years later while an ell was probably added sometime after the Civil War. In 1869, the home and 4.5 acre of land was conveyed to Seiberts daughter, Rachel E. Boak. Virginia Boak, her daughter, and Charles Cather were married at the house in December 1872. The following year on December 7, the couples first child, Willa Cather, was born in the house. In 1874, Willa and her parents moved to a nearby home, Willow Shade, also listed on the NRHP. Cathers relatives began moving to Nebraska in the 1870s and her family followed in 1883, settling in Red Cloud. The house where she was born was conveyed from Cathers grandmother to a woman named S.S. Gore. Ownership of the home changed hands four more times until being purchased by Charles T. Brill in 1950. At the time of the homes historical survey taken in 1976, Brill used the building as an office and retreat.</p><br>
<p>The Willa Cather Birthplace was added to the VLR on September 21, 1976, and the NRHP on November 16, 1978. A historical marker in front of the home was installed by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources. The marker reads:</p><br>
<p>Here Willa Sibert Cather, the novelist, was born December 7, 1873. This community was her home until 1883 when her family moved to Nebraska. Nearby on Back Creek stands the old mill described in her novel Sapphira and the Slave Girl.</p><br>
<p>In 2023 the dilapidated building was listed for sale. Members of the Cather family and the National Willa Cather Center began fundraising to purchase the property. In May 2023 the house and surrounding 5 acres (2.02 ha) were purchased for $180,000 by a local realtor and historic preservationist. The property will be donated to a local nonprofit which plans to renovate and restore the house.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The vernacular building is a simple two-story log house. The rear portion of the home features a two-story frame ell extending from the center. The facade has three windows on the first floor and five windows on the second. All of the facade windows feature louvered blinds. Doors are located on the western and eastern ends of the home&#39;s facade with a simple porch attached to the western entrance. The original portion of the home includes the three bays on the eastern end. A chimney was attached to the western end of the original portion before the later extension. The chimney was incorporated into the building and the smokestack is now only visible above the roof ridge. The gable roof is covered with standing seam sheet metal with box cornices at the eaves. Most of the exterior walls are covered with weatherboards with the remaining sections covered with asbestos shingles. The underpinning of the home is made of fieldstone.</p><br>
<p>Each floor of the homes main section contains two large rooms while the rear ell has one large room on each floor. The ells first floor room contains the kitchen. Many of the original details are still intact in the main section of the house such as the flooring, stairwell, and batten doors. The staircase features square balusters and a square newel. A dilapidated two-story kitchen and servants&#39; house, possibly built in the 1930s or 1940s, is located behind the home.</p><br>
<p>The Rainbow Point Comfort Station and Overlook Shelter in Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah were designed in 1939 by A.V. Jory of the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs in the National Park Service Rustic style. Located at the southern end of the Rim Road at Rainbow Point, the buildings were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1940.</p><br>
<p>The "comfort station", otherwise known as a public toilet, is set back from the rim of Bryce Canyon. The comfort station is designed in the "logs-out" style, sheathed in V-joint wood shiplap siding, with half-round logs covering the joints. The roof is framed with log rafters. The shelter is located directly on the edge of the canyon, facing outwards. The shelter uses massive vertical log posts supporting a log-framed roof. Vertical board siding is used as an infill on the rear half, which is open to the canyon on the front. Siding encloses two small storage areas behind the main interpretive displays.</p><br>
<p>The Bryce Inn, also known as the Bryce General Store, in Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah was designed by architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood and built in 1932. It was the last major building designed by Underwood for the Utah Parks Company. Designed in the National Park Service Rustic style, the Inn served as the center of a set of "housekeeping cabins" for park visitors, providing a cafeteria, laundry and vending facilities. However, the housekeeping cabins have since been removed, changing the Inn&#39;s relationship to its surroundings.</p><br>
<p>The one-story building has an irregular shape with a partly enclosed porch on the southeast side. Framing is in the "studs-out" style, with the 1 x sheathing applied to the inside of the framing, emphasizing the framing as a decorative pattern on the exterior. The main entry is via the porch, through double doors. A new entry was built in 1973 on the southwest side that is accessible for the disabled. The building presently functions as a store and sells fast food items. This large room features exposed roof structure. Shower and laundry services are in an extension on the northwest side, with separate entries. A 1937 addition at the west end features an exterior stone chimney and a partial basement. The roof is a hipped structure with a wavy shingle pattern.</p><br>
<p>When the Inn was the center of the housekeeping camp area, providing dining and laundry services for tourists in the cabins. This development, consisting of at least 25 cabins, has since been removed, changing the building&#39;s relationship to its surroundings.</p><br>
<p>The Bryce Inn was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 25, 1995.</p><br>
<p>Jeremiah Brown House and Mill Site is a Colonial-era mill complex and national historic district at Rising Sun, Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It consists of two distinct halves: a two-story, three-bay, gable-roofed stone structure built in 1757 by Jeremiah Brown, Sr., a Quaker from Pennsylvania; and a two-story, two-bay gable-roofed frame house built in 1904 by John Clayton on the site of the original 1702 log wing. Also on the property is a small 19th century bank barn; a reconstruction of the original mill built on top of the stone foundations of the 1734 Brown Water Corn and Gristmill; and the foundations of an 18th-century saw mill.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The entire site is located within the grounds of the Plumpton Park Zoo.</p><br>
<p>Charlestown Historic District is a national historic district at Charlestown, Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It consists of a 150 acre portion of the town containing all known existing 18th century features. There are 14 houses known to have been constructed during that century and its largest structures were the inns and hotels which served the popular Charlestown Fair in the colonial period.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
